Fluoxapyr is a carboxamide fungicide developed by BASF. It has good preventive and therapeutic activities. It is used to prevent and control broad-spectrum fungal diseases, at least 26 kinds of fungal diseases. It can be used for nearly 100 crops, such as cereal crops, legumes, oil crops, peanuts, pome and stone fruit trees, root and tuber vegetables, fruit vegetables and cotton, leaf or seed treatment. Fluoxafenamide is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor and an excellent fungicide developed in recent years.
Physicochemical properties of fluconazole
Fluconazole Chemical Name: 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoro Methyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; CAS No: 907204-31-3, Molecular formula: C18H12F5N3O. Molecular weight: 381.31 g/mol.Fluoxapyr (purity 99.3%) is a white to beige solid, odorless, melting point 156.8℃, relative density (20℃) 1.42 g/mL, decomposes at about 230℃, vapor pressure (estimated): 2.7×10- 9 Pa (20°C), 8.1×10-9 Pa (25°C); Henry’s constant: 3.028×10-7 Pa·m3/mol. Solubility (20℃): water 3.88 mg/L (pH 5.84), 3.78 mg/L (pH 4.01), 3.44 mg/L (pH 7.00), 3.84 mg/L (pH 9.00); organic solvent (technical purity 99.2) %) (g/L, 20℃): acetone>250, acetonitrile 167.6±0.2, dichloromethane 146.1±0.3, ethyl acetate 123.3±0.2, methanol 53.4±0.0, toluene 20.0±0.0, n-octanol 4.69±0.1 , n-heptane 0.106 ± 0.001. n-octanol-water partition coefficient (20°C): deionized water log Kow 3.08, log Kow 3.09 (pH 4), log Kow 3.13 (pH 7), log Kow 3.09 (pH 9), average log Kow (3.10±0.02) . Stable in aqueous solution at pH 4, 5, 7, 9 under dark and sterile conditions. Lighting is stable.
Toxicity of Fluoxafen
Acute oral toxicity in rats (female) of the original drug of fluconazole: LD50≥2,000 mg/kg, acute dermal toxicity in rats (male and female): LD50>2,000 mg/kg, acute inhalation toxicity in rats (male and female): LC50＞5.1 mg/L; slight irritation to rabbit eyes and skin of rabbits; no sensitization to guinea pig skin. No carcinogenicity, no teratogenicity, no side effects on reproduction, no genotoxicity, neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity.
Acute toxicity to birds LD50＞2,000 mg/kg, acute toxicity to Daphnia 6.78 mg/L (48 h), acute toxicity to fish (96 h) LC50 0.546 mg/L, acute toxicity to aquatic invertebrates (48 h) ) EC50 6.78 mg/L, acute toxicity to algae (72 h) EC50 0.70 mg/L, acute contact toxicity to bees (48 h) LD50>100 μg/bee, acute oral toxicity to bees (48 h) LD50>110.9 μg/bee, the acute toxicity to earthworms is LC50>1,000 mg/kg (14 days). From the above data, it can be seen that Fluoxafen is toxic to aquatic organisms and has low toxicity to other beneficial organisms.
Mechanism of action of fluoxafen
Fluoxafenamide is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, which acts on succinate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II to inhibit its activity, thereby inhibiting the germination of fungal pathogen spores, the growth of germ tubes and mycelium.
Fluconazole control objects
Fluoxamid is highly efficient, broad-spectrum, durable, selective, has excellent systemic conductivity, and is resistant to rain erosion. It can effectively control cereals, soybeans, corn, rapeseed, fruit trees, vegetables, and sugar beets through foliar and seed treatment. , peanuts, cotton, lawn and specialty crops, etc., such as grains, soybeans, fruit trees and vegetables caused by Concha, Botrytis cinerea, Powdery mildew, Cercospora, Puccinia, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium Diseases caused by cavity fungi, botrytis cinerea, rust, powdery mildew of legumes, cotton blight, sunflower and rapeseed diseases caused by Alternaria, etc. Registered for use on more than 70 crops by 2015, BASF aims to register for use on more than 100 crops.
Fluoxafen has strong adaptability, and there are many kinds of compound products. Adexar (fluconazole + epoxiconazole) is used in wheat, barley, triticale, rye and oats to control powdery mildew, leaf blight, glume blight, stripe rust and leaf rust. Priaxor (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin) is registered in the United States for soybean, tomato, potato and other field crops, and has special effects on the control of soybean brown spot (Septoria glycines); Orkestra SC (flufenapyr + Pyraclostrobin) is registered in Brazil for soybeans, citrus, potatoes, onions, carrots, apples, mangoes, melons, cucumbers, bell peppers, tomatoes, canola, peanuts, kidney beans, sunflowers, sorghum, corn, wheat and flowers ( Chrysanthemum and rose), etc., can control Asian soybean rust, enhance the photosynthesis of crops, and be used for disease resistance management. Priaxor D (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + tetraflufenazole) is registered in the United States for the prevention and control of soybean gray spot that is resistant to methoxyacrylate fungicides. The seed treatment agent Obvius (flufenapyr + pyraclostrobin + metalaxyl) is registered in the United States and can control a variety of refractory seedling diseases of many crops.
The succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides have grown rapidly in recent years, and fluoxamid is the leading product of this type of fungicides, thanks to its high efficiency, broad spectrum, systemic activity, suitable for a variety of crops and other characteristics In particular, the continuous development of its compound products has expanded the control spectrum and the scope of applied crops, and has become a bright pearl in the fungicide market.
Post time: Jul-18-2022